Dharia demands loan waiver for Maharashtra farmers

Dharia demands loan waiver for Maharashtra farmers

Yavatmal (PTI): Former union minister and veteran freedom fighter Mohan Dharia has demanded agriculture loan waiver for the farmers in Maharashtra.

Addressing a farmers rally at a sit-in programme in front of the district collectors office, he said the demand is not to save only farmers but the entire nation.

If the producers of foodgrain are forced to commit suicide, how can the nation survive? Dharia said.

The farmers are to be put on strong financial footing by introducing sustainable agriculture policies and that alone can save this country, he added.

Dharia said if the demand was not met with by February 28 the agitation would be intensified and launched nationwide.

The protest was organised under the joint auspices of the Vidarbha Pradesh Vikas Parishad led by sitting MP and NCP leader Datta Meghe and Vidarbha Jan Andolan Samiti led by Kishore Tiwari.

Farmers leaders Vijay Jawandiya (Wardha), Chandrakant Wankhede, Vijay More (Baranmati), Sunil Shinde and others were present.

A delegation led by Dharia later met the district collector and submitted a memorandum of demands.

The farm crisis: why have over one lakh farmers killed themselves in the past decade?

The farm crisis: why have over one lakh farmers killed themselves in the past decade?

Ist Part We, as a nation, are in the worst agrarian crisis infour decades. It is impossible to cover such a largeissue in full. So I am going to be dealing with it infragments today. I would like to stress that thecrisis is so deep, so advanced that: firstly, no State, nobody, is exempt from this and it is not tobe seen as the crisis of one State or one Governmentor one Party. It is a national crisis and we need torespond to it as such. It is a huge thing. In thatcrisis, the suicides are merely, however tragic, justa symptom and not the disease. They are aconsequence, not the process.Millions of livelihoods have been damaged ordestroyed in the last 15 years as a result of thiscrisis. But you will know, if you look at your media,that it is only in the last three or four years thatwe widely used the word 'farm crisis' or the 'agrariancrisis.' Earlier, there was a complete denial of anycrisis. At least today it is established that there is one.We can sum it up in one sentence -- the processdriving this crisis: the predatory commercialisationof the countryside (int he words of Prof. K. Nagaraj of the Madras Institute of Development Studies –MIDS). The reduction of all human values to exchangevalue. As this process unleashes itself across agrarian India, millions of livelihoods have collapsed. Lakhs of people are migrating towardscities and towns in search of jobs that are not there. They move towards a status which is neither `worker'nor `farmer.' Many will end up as domestic labour, like over a lakh girls from Jharkhand in this city of Delhi working as domestic servants.World-wide crisis of small-holder farms:However, having said that, I want to say that thecrisis is by no means restricted to India. It is aworld-wide crisis of small holder farming. Small,family farms are getting wiped out across the planetand it has been happening for 20-30 years. It is justthat this has been very intense in India in the last15 years. Otherwise, the farm suicides have causedmajor concern in Korea. Nepal and Sri Lanka have highrates of farm suicides. In Africa, Burkina Faso, Malietc. have had high rates of farmers' suicides as thecotton product there gets wiped out by the UnitedStates and EU subsidies.Incidentally, suicide rates among farmers in theUnited States Midwest and other rural regions havealso been extremely high from time to time. In fact,in the eighties, suicide rates amongst farmers inOklahoma, for instance, were more than twice thenational suicide rate for men in the United States --and it is rare that rural suicides are higher thanurban. I spent time last year on American farms andcould see how they're going down.We are witnessing in many ways the decline and deathof the small holder farm. It is very important thatwe do something about it because we are the largestnation of small holder farms where the farmer ownsthat land. We are also probably the largest body offarm labourers and landless workers. If you look,there is a lesson to be learnt as to what has gone on in the United States.In the 1930s, there were six million family farms inthe United States. At that time when India was just adecade or so away from gaining Independence, over aquarter of the American population lived and worked onthose six million farms. Today, the US has morepeople in prison than on farms. It has 2.1 millionpeople in prison and less than that on its 700,000 family farms.We are being pushed towards corporate farming:So what is this process driving towards? In two words:It is driving us towards corporate farming. That isthe big coming picture of agriculture in India andacross the planet. We have been pushed towardscorporate farming, a process by which farming is takenout of the hands of the farmers and positioned in thehands of the corporates. That is exactly whathappened in the United States and that is what exactlyhappened in a large number of other countries. Thisprocess is not being achieved with guns, tanks,bulldozers and lathis. It is done by making farmingunviable for the millions of small family farmholders, by just making it so impossible for you tosurvive in the structures that exist. But there is acontext to this that I am absolutely going to insiston framing that context. All these unfold in thecontext of the fastest growing inequality that Indiahas seen in her history as an independent nation. Andunderstand this, when inequality deepens in society,the farm sector takes the biggest hit.In any case,it is a disadvantaged sector. So when inequalitywidens, the farm sector takes a hit. Devastating growth of inequality in India:Ø Fourth rank in Dollar Billionaires: In Indiain 2007, I am sure you all will be very thrilled toknow, we have the fourth highest number of dollar-billionaires in the planet. We are ahead of allcountries in the number of billionaires except theUnited States, Germany and Russia. Incidentally, ourbillionaires are richer than those of Germany andRussia in terms of net asset worth. You can look upall these numbers on The World's Billionaires atwww.forbes.com – the Oracle of global billionaires.Ø 126 th in Human Development: We have thesecond richest billionaires in the world in dollarsand we have the fourth largest number of billionairesin the planet. But we are 126 th in humandevelopment. The same nation that has ranks fourth inbillionaires is 126th in human development. What doesit mean to be 126th ? It means that it is better tobe a poor person in Bolivia (the poorest nation inSouth America) or Guatemala or Gabon. They are aheadof us in the UN's Human Development Index. You canget all these figures in the Parliament Library fromthe United Nations Human Development Reports of thelast 10 or 15 years.Ø 836 million live on less than Rs. 20 a day: Weare the emerging 'tiger economy.' But life expectancyin our nation is lower than it is in Bolivia,Kazakhstan and Mongolia. We have 100,000 dollarmillionaires, out of whom 25,000 reside in my city ofMumbai, I am proud to say. Yet, 836 million people inour nation exist on less than Rs. 20/- a day accordingto the Government of India. There is no such thing asIndian reality. There are Indian realities . Thereis a multiplicity of realities.Ø Slowing down of infant death rate decline: Thegrowth rate of our country is indeed the envy of many.But the rate of decline of infant mortality actuallyslowed down in this country in the last 15 years. Thelargest number of infant deaths 2.5 million takesplace in this country, followed by China.Ø CEO's salaries set all time records: ChiefExecutive Officer 'packages' grew like never before inthe last ten years. Indeed, the Prime Minister ofthis country felt constrained to make some remarksabout the salaries of CEOs. You can remember the kindof pasting he came in for in the media as a result ofhaving dared to question that maybe a CEO could liveon a million less a year, or whatever it was. Butwhile CEOs salaries have gone through the roof, farmincomes have collapsed.Ø Appalling MPCE of farm households: Accordingto the National Sample Survey, the average monthly percapita expenditure (MPCE) of the Indian farm household(across zamindars and your half acre wallas), is Rs.503.Ø Miserable expenditure patterns: Out of thatRs. 503, 55 per cent or more is spent on food, 18 percent on fuel, clothing and footwear leaving preciouslittle to be spent on education and health. What isspent on health is twice that of what is spent oneducation because we now have the 6 th most privatisedhealth system in the world. Therefore, the MPCE showsRs.34 as expenditure on health as against Rs.17 oneducation. Rs.17 a month on education means 50 paisea day on education. That is the spending of the Indianfarm household. That is the national average. I willcome to state-wise figures a little later.Ø Incidentally, we are very proud to tell youthat labour productivity in the decade of the reformswent up to 84 per cent according to the ILO. The sameILO report informs me that while labour productivity went up to 84 per cent, the real wages of labour inmanufacturing declined by 22 per cent (at a time whenCEO salaries were going through the roof). So, in thelast 15 years, we have seen the unprecedentedprosperity of the top of our population. And at thesame time, the net per capita availability offoodgrain actually declined for over a decade. Ø Rising hunger at the bottom: The State of foodinsecurity in the world report of the FAO of theUnited Nations shows us that from 1995-97 to1999-2001, India added more newly hungry millions thanthe rest of the world taken together. Hunger grew at atime when it declined in Ethiopia. A new restaurantopens everyday in some city of this country but asProf Utsa Patnaik, our leading agricultural economistpoints out, the average rural family is consuming 100kgs less than it did 10 years ago. The availabilitysituation figure is one placed every year inParliament in the Economic Survey which gives the netper capita availability (NPCA) of foodgrain containedin Table 1.17 (S-21). You get the numbers all the wayfrom 1951. You can see how it has declined in thelast 15 years. The NPCA was 510 in 1991, on the cuspof the reforms. That fell to 437 grams by 2003. The2005 provisional figure was 422 grams. There may be aslight rise in one or another year, but the overalltrend has been that of a clear decline over 15 years. A fall of 70-80 grams sounds trivial -- until youmultiply it by 365 days and then again by one billionIndians. Then you can see how gigantic the decline is. Since those at the top are eating much better thanever before, it raises the question of what on earththe bottom 40 per cent are eating?Ø Two-nation theory passé. Its Two Planets now: Today, for the top 5 per cent of the Indianpopulation, the benchmarks are Western Europe, theUSA, Japan and Australia. For the bottom 40 per cent,the benchmarks are the Sub-Saharan Africa (some ofwhose nations) are ahead of us in literacy.Ø Indebtedness has doubled in the past decade:The NSSO's 59th round tells us that while 26 per centof farm households were in debt in 1991, that figurewent up to over 48 per cent – almost double by 2003. There have been huge migrations, as I said, as aresult of this chaos and collapse of incomes,explosions of cost of living. Why is this framework ofinequality so important to our understanding? We aregetting further and further into the divide. What do Imean by predatory commercialisation of thecountryside? I will come to that soon. But manythings have happened. Policy-driven devastation of agriculture: One is that as every Minister and every PrimeMinister admits, public investment in agriculture hasdeclined very sharply to the point of collapse over aperiod of 10-15 years. It is one of the things thatthe Government now feels that it is trying to reverse. Our foremost agricultural economist, Dr. Utsa Patnaik shows us that while total development expenditure as ashare of GDP was fourteen and a half per cent in1989-90, it was 5.9 per cent by 2005. That is acollapse of Rs.30,000 crore per year or an incomeloss of Rs.120,000 crore. I have often felt it'ssimpler to send out the Air Force and bomb thevillages It would probably cause less lasting damagethan that withdrawal of investment costs us! There has been a crash in employment. Only the requirement of the last year and a half hassomewhat (but far from adequately) been met by theNREGP, a programme which I am very supportive of. Thathas not opened up anywhere as much as it should. I hope it deepens and grows because it is a vital programme for the crisis in the countryside. It is oneof the great things that we have done in the last two years. But very far from enough.SEZs but no land reforms:Another problem is the rack renting of tenants. Inthe Andhra Pradesh suicides, you will find that manyof those (in some regions) who have committed suicidewere actually tenant farmers. Out of the 28 bags ofpaddy they harvested, they parted with 25 bags as thetenancy or lease rate. If there is a cyclone or damageor anything else, incidentally, the reparations andthe compensation go to the absentee landlords. We haveno tenancy reforms. It seems appalling to me that wecan clear an SEZ in six months but we cannot do landreforms in 60 years across this country! Except inthree states.Rigging costs in agriculture:Another issue is the exploding cost of agriculture, aprocess quite heavily controlled and rigged. Yetanother one is the exploitative internationalagreements that we have entered into that areseverely damaging to the interests of our farmers.Yet another aspect is the crashing output prices asglobal corporations have taken control of trade inagriculture commodities and rig prices. Even whenWhile the coffee prices boom in the West, the men andwomen who grow coffee in Kerala commit suicide,especially between 2000 and 2003. The suicides are appalling. How many suicides havebeen there? I do not want to get into the numbersgame. We are coming with a very major story on thatin The Hindu in a while. I won't pre-empt it. However,you were given last year, I believe, a figure ofover one lakh suicides since 1993. That is ahorrifying figure in 10 years. Yet, you will find itwrong. It is not true. For several reasons. I found that four years have been included in the number forwhich firm data on farm suicides do not exist. Youbring down the average by bringing farm suicides inyears which are irrelevant! We only started collecting farm suicide data from 1995in the National Crime Records Bureau. Any new systemof reporting takes time. Most States do not reportproperly for the first two years. It takes time forthe States to get into the mode of reporting data.Real or stable data started from around 1997. So, theover one lakh suicides that you are looking at are notfrom 1993 to 2003 but they are from 1997 to 2003. Thatis an appalling figure. It is still a hugeunder-estimate for a variety of reasons which I willcome to. Suicide figures misleading and confusing: But what is important is that the numbers are not thecrucial issue . I think even the figure of over onelakh is appalling enough. What is frightening isthat if you look at the data, two-thirds of thesuicides are occurring in half-a-dozen States thataccount for just about one-third of the country'spopulation . Most of the suicides are occurring incash-crop areas. The number of food crop farmerscommitting suicide is less as compared to those incash crops. For the last 15 years, we have drivenpeople towards cash crops. We have told them toexport. Exports lead to growth. Regardless of the factwho is in power, we have pushed them towards cash cropand now we are paying the price of that movement. Wehave locked them into volatility of global pricescontrolled by rapacious corporations. It is often doneby corporations whom your farmers cannot see, who arenot accountable to your people. The other frightening thing is that thefive or six States are also, in a sense, contiguous.There are other States which are pretty bad. These arethe worst states. Maharashtra is the worst. Some ofthese States are showing an ascending trend. Someshow a descending trend. What is frightening is thatin some of the States showing an ascending trend,their numbers might double in six years. Zero farm suicides in Vidharbha? Farmer suicides in Vidharbha stopped entirely inAugust because the news came in July that the PrimeMinister was to visit them. So, people thoughtfullystopped committing suicide. There was not a singlesuicide in Vidharbha in August. In official count, atleast. They knew the Prime Minister was coming.Everybody said: "We will not commit suicide till heleaves." This is a nation deluding itself. It does nothelp you. I am not trying to point at one ChiefMinister or one party Government. It is a nationalcrisis. The more honest we are with ourselves, thebetter positioned we are to sort it out. What do the figures actually suggest? If we projectfurther the figures of the National Crimes RecordBureau, it is closer to about one-and-a-half lakh suicides in the 1997-2005 period. And that excludeseight categories of people because, for instance, inthis country whatever you do, whatever laws you pass,our machinery will not accept women as farmersbecause there is no land in their name, there are noproperty rights for them. Many suicides not recorded as farm suicides : In Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh, 45 per centof farm suicides in 2001-02 were women farmers. Manyof the households in Anantapur rural areas arewomen-headed since the men have migrated. There aremuch larger numbers. Even nationally, 19 per cent ornearly one-fifth households in this country arewomen-headed. But we do not count women as farmers. Wecount them as the wives of farmers. So, it iscounted as a suicide but not as a farmer's suicide. Of course, farm labourer suicides will never becounted in the list of farm suicides, so that bringsit down further. Incidentally, countless eldest sons have not beencounted as farmers committing suicide because, in ourtraditional society, the land remains in the name ofthe aged-old father, who may be 75-80, until he dies.So, the elder son may be 50 or 51. He is running thefarm. He faces the pressure. He cracks and killshimself. The tehsildar says that this man is not afarmer because there is no farm in his name. InYavatmal district last month, every single claim ofsuicide was rejected by a six-member 'independent'Committee consisting of top Government officers in thedistrict plus two non-officials chosen by thegovernment! Many of these cases were rejected on the basis thatthere is no land in those names. The guy was theeldest son, he was running it and looking afterperhaps even three family units. But the land was notin his name. How do we accept him as a farmer? Thatis the criteria. I could go on about that. If youdie and if you are found to be in debt, that debt hasto be a bank debt. If it is a private money lenderdebt, it is not accepted. The Committee in Yavatmalwill not accept it. They will ask: what is therecord on that? There is no document to show it. Inthis way, thousands of people have been kept on thelist of suicides but not in the list of farmerssuicides. There is also misclassification. There are migrantfarmers who are not counted in it. People leave theplace and kill themselves in the city. I do not evenwant to conjecture what the real figure would be. Itis impossible physically. Secondly, I think thenumber (the official count, however flawed) isappalling enough to move this nation. It should movethis nation. If we have only these Governmentnumbers, I will accept them at face value. If you canaccept that it is a horrible figure, we should movethe nation forward. Common factors across regions: What is common in these areas where the crisis istaking place? Cash crop, high water stress, hugeindebtedness way above the national average. If youmake a map of indebtedness of India and the map of allsuicides, they will converge very neatly. Thehighest number of indebted households in the countryis in Andhra Pradesh which is at 82 per cent, Keralahas 64 per cent and Karnataka has 62 per cent of allfarm households in debt. The list is endless. You cansee how the suicide map matches that of indebtednesswhich is one of the important single major causes. I would like to say that almost every suicide has amultiplicity of causes, not just one. What we do inrecording them, though, is to record the last cause. I am indebted. My son drops out of college. I amunable to get my daughter married and I am humiliatedby the money lender every day when I go to the market.My crop collapses and the bank refuses to give me aloan. I go home getting drunk. I fight with my wifeand then commit suicide. The next day, it isrecorded that the reason for the suicide is that hehad a fight with his wife and, so, he killed himself. The last cause gets recorded. That is natural and thatis how it is structured. But it conceals more than ittells. The other common thing in the suicide-hit regions iswithdrawal of bank credit. Agriculture tends to bemore deregulated in these areas as in parts ofVidharbha and Maharashtra. You have a very highcultivation cost. That too, is common in these areas. Extremely high cultivation costs. In Vidharbha,in 1991, it cost Rs. 2500 to cultivate an acre ofcotton. Today it costs over Rs. 13,000 per acre usingthe new BT brand. You are talking about a 500 percent increase in the cultivation cost per acre. It iskilling. It cannot be borne. If you want to understand how gigantic input costsare, if you want to understand how massive is theindustry for seeds which we have left open to ahandful of corporations to control and loot, see whatis happening in Andhra Pradesh. You would understandhow major a cost it is. Andhra Pradesh, my own home State, is so proud of itssoftware exports. But, the seed and other input industry of Andhra Pradesh is worth more than AP'ssoftware exports. That is how big, how huge, the seedindustry is. People in this country spend more onseed than AP earns exporting software. We are running after software markets overseas,which is fine, but while allowing the seed market tobe taken away absolutely by a bunch of corporations.Which is not fine at all. That is how I said that weare moving already, at this level, towards corporatefarming. Farm incomes have collapsed: Look at income. Income collapse was a major part ofthe crisis. In several regions, farm incomes havesimply collapsed. The national average monthly percapita expenditure (MPCE) of the Indian farmhousehold, as I told you, was Rs. 503. It is prettyclose to the below poverty figure of Rs. 425 or so ofrural India. Six States on an average have been belowthe poverty line It is below Rs. 425 figure. Five orsix States exist in the country like that. There are many households existing on a monthly percapita expenditure of Rs. 225. This is according tothe National Sample Survey Organisation. The percapita monthly expenditure is Rs. 225 which translatesinto Rs. 8 a day. In that, you are going to manageyour food, clothing, footwear, education, health andtransport. What does it leave for any kind of life? You are always in debt. 55 per cent has gone tofood, 18 per cent to fuel, footwear and clothing. Inall these areas, you will find a very high proportionof school and college dropouts. People with B.Sc.degrees have dropped out to work as farm labourers onthe family farm in order to get it somehow going,while our Agricultural Universities have simply takenup the job of doing research for other parties likeprivate corporations but not for our farmers anymore. Elite view of the rural crisis: How do the elites look at the crisis at the bottom? Let me quote from a leading economic newspaper of ourcountry. One of its commentators says this with somedisappointment. "The bottom 400 million are adisappointment. " Why? They do not buy enough. I donot know what they will buy with Rs. 8 as per capitaexpenditure. She says that they do not buy enough. But they have a responsibility. "It is a difficultmarket to tap," the commentator concludes. The Vidharbha crisis: What about Vidharbha from where so much of reportinghas been done on the suicides in the last few years? As Mrs. Alva has said, what you see in the media isvery little. Dozens of local journalists have keptthis issue alive. They have to be given credit forit. How many suicides have there been in Vidharbha? Have they declined? According to one section of themedia, they have stopped. The government has in factput out several sets of figures over time which arequite contradictory. The Government has not put itsname or signature to any figure of decline at thehighest level. Why? It is because the Governmentwill be in serious trouble. There is an order from the Nagpur Bench of the HighCourt that the State Government must maintain awebsite with all the figures. It is in response to apublic interest litigation. If you look at theGovernment website, you do not need to read any of thereports. The figures in the website are so obsceneand what do they do to bring a decline? Let me tellyou the actual number from the Commissioner ofAmravati's own report and how these are thenpresented. In Vidharbha, the number of total suicides , not thefarming suicides , in six districts was not 1500. Since 2001, in the crisis years, it was not 2000, itwas not 1300 and it was not 1700. The police stationsrecord it as 15,980 for the six districts. Not allof these are farm suicides . But here is the fun. From 15,980, they will bring it down to 578 orwhatever figure is finally arrived at. We can bringthis down. Incidentally, these are 100 per cent ruraldistricts. But the final tabulation shows that lessthan 20 per cent of these 15,000 suicides werefarmers -- in 100 per cent rural districts! It isa mystery then, who those committing suicide were andare. These were not industrial districts. If just2939 were farmers, that is less than 20 per cent of15,980, then who were they? It almost as if onlyfarmers were doing well! Indeed, very well. Everybodyelse is committing suicide. Largest state distress survey ever: I give full credit to the Maharashtra Government forone thing. They did the biggest study on farminghouseholds in the state. It is only that peopleshould take some time to read that study. It willjust chill you to the marrow of your bones. Thanks tothe Prime Minister's visit due to which everybody gotbusy. They surveyed every one of the 17.64 lakhhouseholds (nearly ten million human beings). Everysingle farm household was surveyed in the sixdistricts of Vidharbha the government believes areaffected. (In all, Vidharbha has 11 districts.) Whatdoes that figure show? These are figures based on thesurvey which appear in the report of the Commissionerof Amravati (which document I have promised to giveyou.) Five of the six affected districts come underthe Commissioner of Amravati. But the data he isciting includes even the sixth, that is Wardhadistrict. It (Amravati Commissioner' s report) says that: Ø close to 75 per cent of the farm households inthese nearly two million households (17.64 lakh) arein distress.Ø It says that 4,31,000 households, if you takethe rural households having five to six people in eachhousehold, are in "maximum distress." That is theword of the Government. The other category is "mediumdistress." I have no idea what that means. But itadmits 75 per cent of the households are in distressof one kind or the other. Ø Astonishingly, over three lakh families arehaving severe problems on the marriage of daughterswhich is a big cause in several suicides. Over threelakh farmers are not able to get one or more daughtersmarried. This is an explosive situation. Ø The Government's own study shows thatindebtedness was also a factor in 93 per cent of thesuicides that it looked at. Ø Last year suicides were supposed to havedeclined after the package. Last year the policestation records show 2,832 suicides as against 2,425in 2005. It is an increase of 407, which is a verysignificant increase. Because that's an increase ofover 60 suicides per district in each of the sixdistricts in just one year. And there's a lot more in similar vein. How do they then make out a 'decline'? I think it isthe Indian national genius of handling numbers. Ijust love numbers. The first category (police stationrecords) states 2,832 suicides last year. The secondcolumn says, out of these "farmers' suicides" from2,832 it falls to 800-odd. The third column sayssuicides by "farmers' relatives" as if others on farmare not farmers. That becomes 1600. So, suicide byfarmers is different from suicides in farminghouseholds!. Then comes "cases under inquiry." Then, other tables which list cases due to "agrariandistress." With each column the number comes down. The final column is the masterpiece. It does notexist anywhere in the planet. We have a column called"eligible suicides", like eligible bachelors orbrides, etc. It means those suicides where thefamilies are deemed by government to be eligible forcompensation. So, from 2,832 it comes down to 578 inthe last column. It is this last figure of 'eligible'suicides that is put out by officials as the suicidesfigure! This month (August was the month just concluded) we donot have suicides at all because if you let ourmathematicians pursue it further, they will redefinesuicides out of existence. But the total number keepsincreasing. You can see it. This year when therewere no suicides, or suicides were in steep decline,there were 700 plus suicides according to theGovernment of Maharashtra website. Why does not theGovernment put its signature to the number? It isbecause that website is maintained under the courtorder. Then you are running into serious problems ifyou contradict your own data. We can play games withthat endlessly. Misery in the households: I'd like to narrate three personal episodes from theaffected households. For me the most painful thing isthat second and third suicides are happening in thesame households. In the 700 (suicide-hit) householdsthat I have gone to and seen over the years, the mosthurting thing is that when you are leaving thehousehold, when you make eye contact with the lady ofthe house or the eldest daughter, you know – do notask me how I know – that she is also planning to takeher life. You know that for all your boastfulnessabout the might of the Press and the power of the pen,I cannot do a damn thing to stop them because that ishow we are today as a society. That is the mostpainful thing for me. I've started avoiding that eyecontact because I do not want to see in the person'seyes that she is also going to take her life. When ayoung widow takes her life, she might kill her girlchild also because she does not want that child forcedinto prostitution. Last year, when Prime Minister came, there was totalchaos because everybody was kept on notice, becausethe Prime Minister was really worried about what wasgoing on. He took a trip which was not reallyscheduled. One month before he came there, I was inthe house of Gosavi Pawar. This was a very differentkind of Pawar, a less privileged Pawar, an adivasiPawar and not to be confused with more the illustriousPawars. Gosavi Pawar was from a Banjara family. Theclan is so poor. Incidentally, that day I was sitting in his house Ihad also read about the wedding of daughter of India'srichest man, Lakshmi Mittal at a cost of 60 milliondollars or pounds. It is obscene in whichevercurrency it is translated. Poor man, Mr. Mittal, hecould not get a wedding hall in Paris! It is verydifficult to get one there in that season. So, hehired the Palace of Versailles and held the weddingthere. But in the house of Gosavi Pawar, the clan isso very poor. They had come all over the country forthe wedding and decided to have three weddings at thesame time in order to afford them. They decided tohave three weddings at the same time because peoplehad come from different regions and states. They hadall gathered there. Gosavi Pawar, the patriarch ofthat clan, was unable to raise the money required forthe sarees for those weddings. Humiliated by themoneylender, by the bank manager, and others, GosaviPawar took his life. I saw two things. One that depressed me enormouslyand one that inspired me about the poor people of thiscountry. One that depressed me enormously is the poorhousehold had three weddings and a funeral on the sameday, because they could not cancel the wedding. Itwould have bankrupted the clan had they gone back toRajasthan, Gujarat and Karnataka or wherever and comeagain. So, they held the weddings. The brides andbridegrooms wept. The most heart- breaking moment waswhen the wedding procession went out and on thehighway met the funeral procession. Dr. Swaminathanwould remember that when he came to Yavatmal heencountered a similar situation, when suicides werebeing brought to the hospitals even as the NationalCommission on Farmers (NCF) team were holdingdiscussions with the Government officials. So, thewedding procession ran into the funeral procession ofGosavi Pawar. Then, people who were carrying his bodyran into the fields and hid so that they would notcast a bad omen on the wedding. But there was also something very inspiring. Some ofthe poorest people on planet Earth made those weddingshappen. Everybody contributed Rs. 5, quarter kilo of wheat, half a kilo of rice, one sheaf of banana, acoconut, whatever they could. They held thoseweddings. They did not have the resources to do it, Iam afraid, in the Palace of Versailles. But they heldthose weddings by community action, by public action. I felt so proud at that moment that our people showedthe decency and dignity that the elite have socompletely forgotten. When governments cheat on poll promises: Coming back to 'eligible suicides' in Vidharbha, thereis nothing that prevents the Government of Maharashtrafrom implementing its poll promise of Rs. 2700 perquintal of cotton. What did they do after coming topower? I am not singling out one Government. Let memake it very clear agriculture is in desperate shapeacross the country. All Governments are culpable. Everybody is fragile. No State is exempt. But inthis particular case, they made a promise of Rs. 2700rupees, but they lowered it by Rs. 500. They withdrewRs. 500 of the so-called 'advance bonus' payment. With that, it removed Rs. 1200 crores from thefarmers. After removing Rs. 1200 crores from thefarmers, the Chief Minister announced a package of Rs.1,075 crores. A package of Rs. 1,075 crore is beinggiven to people from whom you have taken away Rs. 1200crore! US-EU subsidies destroy cotton prices: At the same time, the US, the European Union weredrowning their cotton growers in subsidies. Cottongrowers of the US are not small farmers, they arecorporations. How many cotton growers do we have inMaharashtra? It is in millions. How many cottongrowers are there in US? It is 20,000. When weremoved Rs. 1200 crore from our farmers, how much didthe US give to its corporations? On a crop value of 3.9 billion dollars, the UnitedStates gave its cotton growers a subsidy of 4.7billion dollars. It destroyed the bottom of theinternational cotton market. The cotton price at theNew York exchange ruled at 90 to 100 cents in 1994-95fell to around 40 cents and from that date suicidesbegan all over the world as prices crashed and farmersran up horrible losses. In Burkina Faso, hundreds of cotton farmers killedthemselves. In July 2003, the Presidents of BurkinaFaso and Mali wrote an article in New York Times,"Your Farm Subsidies are Strangling Us". We were notable to take action against such subsidies, them. While our duties on cotton are 10 per cent, if youare a Mumbai textile magnate, then you do not pay eventhat ten per cent. You get it waived in lieu ofexport of garments. Incidentally, if I am a Mumbaitextile magnate, I can even get the cotton freebecause private corporations dumping cotton in India would give me six months' credit. In six monthscredit, I can run the entire cycle from cotton tocotton garment. So, I am essentially getting an interest-free loanfrom you which I return in six months and I have madehuge profits. All these games are played around thelives of millions of people. Role of the media: For me the saddest thing is your (Mrs. Alva's) commenton the media. As a journalist, I totally endorse this.The saddest thing last year that happened was whenless than six 'national' journalists were covering thesuicides in Vidharbha. Five hundred and twelveaccredited journalists were fighting for space tocover the Lakme India Fashion Week. In that FashionWeek programme, the models were displaying cottongarments while the men and women who grew the cottonwere killing themselves at a distance of one hour'sflight from Nagpur in the Vidharbha region. The ironyof it should have been a news story, but nobody didthat story except one or two journalists locally. We withdrew the money of the advance bonus of Rs. 500a quintal at the time when the US and EU wereincreasing their subsidies. I went last year to US andvisited American farms. Including corporate styledairies. The subsidy per cow every day is twice yourNational Rural Employment Guarantee Programme minimumwage. It is around three dollars per cow which is Rs.120. Double your National Rural Employment GuaranteeProgramme wage which is Rs. 60. That is why myfriend, Vijay Jawandia from Wardha, put it sobeautifully in a television interview. He was asked –Jawandia saab what is the dream of the Indian farmer?He said the dream of the Indian farmer is to be bornas an American cow because they are getting threetimes the support that we do. We have locked thefarmer into global price shocks while removingwhatever safety nets they had. We have not been ableto fight the EU-US cotton subsidies. Seed companies are being allowed to run riot: We have deregulated agriculture to an extent where thequality of seed has now been graded much lower. Inthe sense, when you bought a bag of seed, on the backof seed, it will be stamped – 85 per cent germinationrate guaranteed. That is now 60 per cent. It meansif a village buys 10,000 bags of seed, they are payingfor 10,000 bags, but they are getting 6,000 bagsbecause we have lowered the standards through MOUswith companies. The seed industry, as I said earlier,is bigger than software exports. The agriculturaluniversities have collapsed. The extension machinery,as the Government of India itself says, is in a stateof complete disrepair. At the time the advance bonuswas withdrawn, we begged the government: Please do notdo this as suicides could double. We were wrong. Insome places, they tripled. We begged - do not dothis, do not do this, do not remove this, it willreally kill these people who are in a very precariousstage. Vidharbha Vs. Mumbai: Incidentally, by the end of 2005, there was a uniqueG.O. in Maharashtra. I do not know if you are aware ofit. In Maharashtra, it has 14 hours' or 15 hours'power cut whereas the best localities of Mumbai havenever a problem of power cut, not even for one minute.The beautiful people cannot be subjected to powercuts. Incidentally, a 15-minute power cut in Mumbaiwould give two hours of power to all the 11 districtsof Vidharbha, but the children of Vidharbha were notgiven that concession even during the exams. That iswhy Vidharbha's performance in HSC exams will alwaysbe worse, though the topper is from Vidharbha. Soalongside the withdrawal of the bonus, a new G.O.came. We have exemptions for power cuts. Do you knowwhat was exempted in the new GO of 2005? Post-mortemcentres were exempted from power cuts because so manypeople were being wielded in for post-mortem. Theyexempted post mortem centres from power cuts alongwith Armed Forces, Police Stations, Fire Brigade etc.By P. SainathRural Affairs Editor,The Hindu

48 hours of Year 2008 – Nine farmers suicide reported in Vidarbha:

'Govt should provide food security to distressed farmers' -PTI via HINDU

'Govt should provide food security to distressed farmers'

Nagpur (PTI): An NGO has asked the Maharashtra government to provide food security to over 40,0000 distressed families to prevent suicides by farmers in Vidarbha region.

Quoting an administrative survey conducted in May 2006, the Vidarbha Janandolan Samiti, which has filed a PIL before the Nagpur bench of the Bombay High Court, has in a detailed affidavit said 4,34,291 out of 17,64,438 families in six suicide prone districts of Vidarbha region are in extreme distress.

Samiti president Kishor Tiwari told PTI that these distressed families needs food security on par with state government's Antodaya scheme of supply of food grains under the Public Distribution System (PDS) or any other suitable scheme.

The affidavit was in compliance with High Court directive and filed on December 20. The PIL will come up for hearing on Feb 1.

Tiwari said the state authorities had agreed to broaden the original criterion before the High Court bench and also to reconsider all cases of suicides which occurred after January 1, 2001.
The PIL filed on August 4, 2006 has sought short term measures like establishment of nodal office at Yavatmal which is most affected district in Vidarbha region, provision of credit facilities and food security.

As long term measures, Samiti has demanded reasonable support price to farm products, crop insurance scheme, periodical review of implementation and educating farmers on changing weather conditions and crop system.

He said nearly 12 lakhs families were suffering from crop failure problem and added that farmers in the region should switch over from cash crop to food crop and from mono crop to multi crop to overcome the crisis.

Regional

PIL ON THE ISSUE OF FARMERS SUICIDES

VIDARBHA JANANDOLAN SAMITI

11, Trisaran Society, In front of Somalwar School, Khamla, Nagpur – 440 025

Tel No. (0712) 2282457 / 9371137653 / 9822593943. Fax : 07235-227387

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PRESS NOTE –

PIL ON THE ISSUE OF FARMERS SUICIDES :

PIL PETITIONER KISHORE TIWARI SUBMITTED BEFORE HIGH COURT DETAILED CHART/ STATEMENT FOR IMMEDIATE STEPS REQUIRED TO BE INITIATED BY GOVERNMENT IN THE MATTER OF FARMERS’ SUICIDE

Nagpur, 20^th December, 2007

====================

In compliance with the Order dated 7^th December, 2007 passed by Nagpur Bench of Mumbai High Court, PIL Petitioner Kishore Tiwari today submitted before the High Court, a detailed statement/ chart containing the various immediate steps required to be initiated by the State Government in the matter of unfortunate incidence of Farmers Suicide in 06 districts of Vidarbha Regions. The submissions is made before the High Court as per the directions given by the Division Bench of High Court consisting Justice A.P. Lavande and Justice A.B. Chaudhari directing the PIL petitioner Kishore Tiwari, President of Vidarbha Jan Andolan Samiti, which is pursuing the cause of farmers crisis in Vidarbha Region to submit detailed statement/ chart highlightining issues which are required to be dealt with by the respondents - State Government, having regards to the statements made by the Government from time to time in the several Affidavits submitted in the matter of farmers suicide so that the better adjudication of the Petition can be made in the interest of dying farmers in the Vidarbha Region.

The detailed statement/ chart is submitted by the Petitioners counsel Adv. Sh. Firdos Mirza and Adv. Sh. Vinod Tiwari today before the High Court. The statement/ chart has the detailed chronological of events, the statement & figures submitted by the Government on Affidavits on various occasion from time to time pursuant to the Order passed by the Hon’ble High Court in the present PIL in the matter of continued farmers suicide in Vidarbha tally of which have been crossed 3700 farmers suicides, in last couple of years due to distress and plight arising out of successive crop failures and consistent increasing cost of production versus low yield & non remunerative prices to the cotton, rice and other crops. In the year 2007, so far 1172 unfortunate incidents of farmers suicide have been reported. The statement / chart submitted today is as follows:

1. February 2006 - The instant petition highlighting issue of unfortunate incidence of farmers suicides and inaction of the state machinery was filed.

2. 24^th February, 2006 - This Hon’ble Court issued notices.

3. 05^th June, 2006 - The respondents were granted last chance to file reply.

4. 14^th June, 2006 - Because of the failure of respondents to file reply, the Hon’ble Court imposed cost of Rs.1000/- each against the respondents.

5. 11^th July, 2006 - The respondents tendered apology, hence the order of cost was recalled.

The government was directed to display the information regarding all steps taken by the government to avoid farmers suicide. It was directed that the information on the web site should include not only the steps taken but the information regarding the effect of such steps taken, the benefits and the beneficiaries of such steps and all the relevant information.

6. 26^th June, 2006 - The State Government filed affidavit in reply on 26.06.06 with the following submissions /statements.

a) The state government is also implementing the directions and suggestions given by the Hon’ble High Court by its judgment dated 5^th May, 2006 in addition to implementation of the package announced for the farmers in Vidarbha. (para 8)

b) the government is promoting Soyabean and other horticulture crops as alternate to cotton crop. (para.9b)

c) The State Agriculture Universities have not recommended cultivation of Bt. Cotton and the agriculture department is also not recommending yet. (para 9c)

d) There are 63 full time and 885 part time Inspectors are appointed in the state of Maharashtra for quality control to control 252 state level licenses 33,243 District level licenses of the seeds dealers. (para 9d).

e) The rate of Bt. Cotton seeds was reduced (para 9h)

f) Rs.2.31 crore is to be spent on training and demonstration to be given to the farmers for improving productivity of cotton crop and for reducing the cost of cultivation. This training is in respect of varieties of cotton approved by the agriculture universities of the state, which does not include Bt. Cotton (para 9j).

g) Rs.240 crores have been disbursed to the farmers under the scheme of rescheduling of loans and waiver of interest. (para 9k)

h) Subsidy of Rs.1000/- per hector subject to a maximum of 2 hectors is extended. The scheme of community marriage is floated. The secondary occupation through animal husbandry, water conservation and integrated agricultural development is being promoted (para 9m).

g) The government has decided to make a village wise survey to identify all the families which are in a situation of acute distress. (para 9n)

h) One of the serious complaints relate to the provision of assessment to the suicide affected family. It is true that due to procedural issues many families did not get such assistance. The government has undertaken review of the suicide cases where the assistance has not been made available by constituting district level committees. In the review process almost 1000 families were given assistance of Rs.1,00,000/- each. (para 9o)

i) To provide crop loans at the rate of 6% interest. (para 9p).

j) The government has taken a decision that the farmers who have taken loan from unlicensed money lenders should not be under any obligation to repay these loans. (para 9q)

k) The state government has established Vasantrao Naik Sheti Swavalamban Mission for effective implementation of the entire package to address effectively the issue of farmer’s suicide. A senior government officer has been posted as the Director General of the aforesaid mission. (para 9r)

With regards to the claim made by the Government in the said affidavit, the Petitioner pointed out that he would like to refer to the Judgment dated 05.05.2006 delivered by Hon’ble Division Bench at Bombay Para 21.1(pg.25) in which it is observed that Interest on outstanding loans to be written off Rs.61 crores. The principal amount to be rescheduled over a period of next 5 years Rs.203 crores. To ensure implementation of the package in letter and sprit, the government will nominate an IAS Officer in the suppertime scale and designate him as Director General of the scheme. The Hon’ble Court expected that the scheme should not remain an ornate, impressive on paper but deficient in implementation.

Petitioner further humbly submitted that :- The State since last 2 ½ years has failed to provide a full time Director General for implementation of the package. As on today also Commissioner Amravati is holding additional charge. Till today about six officers are changed though section 3 of the Maharashtra Govt. Servants Regulation of transfers … Act 2005 prescribes for normal tenure of the officer 3 years. The State has to immediately make arrangement for appointment of full time Director General for full tenure in compliance with the above judgment. According to affidavit dated 03.09.2007 the State has paid Rs.825 crores from P.M. package and Rs.240 crores from State package towards interest waiver. The total overdue as on 30.6.06 was Rs.1407 crores. The State has to make it clear how the amount as reflected in the judgment dated 05.05.2006 has increased in multi folds ? The State must place on record the results of village wise survey made by it to identify all the families which are in a situation of acute distress, along with the action taken report regarding the causes came on record for the distress.

The PIL Petitioner Kishore Tiwari made various suggestions by way of affidavit filed on 04^th Aug. 2006 which contents long term and short term measures for betterment of the farmers

Immediate reliefs / steps required.

i) Establishment of the Nodal office at Yavatmal.

ii) Provision for credit facilities.

iii) Food security

iv) To create atmosphere of faith about government scheme in the farmers.

Long Term measures.

i) Reasonable support price to the farm products.

ii) Crop insurance scheme.

iii) Periodical review of the implementation

iv) Educating the farmers in respect of changing weather, changing crop system.

v) Quarterly audit of the funds disbursed.

On 07^th Aug. 2006, after considering the affidavit dated 07.08.2006, the Hon’ble Court recorded undertaking of the state regarding updating the website and ensuring inclusion of proposed measures to be undertaken to avoid farmers suicide. The respondents were directed to respond on the suggestions given by the petitioners. On 13^th July, 2007, the learned APP was directed to prepare synopsis giving chronology of steps taken by the concerned authorities on the basis of suggestions/scheme evolved by the mission or any of the competent authority in this regard including updating website. On 02^nd Aug. 2007 – The State Government, in its affidavit submitted before the Hon’ble Court that –

a) The web site is being updated from time to time. It updated upto 30^th June, 2007.

b) The suggestions given by petitioners have been replied, giving details of steps taken by government.

c) The state government is not giving compensation but providing ex-gratia assistance of one lakh to the family of the farmers who committed suicide.

d) State government is preparing detailed guidelines in view of National Agriculture Policy. District Level Agriculture Management Training Agency has been established.

d) Strategy Research and Extension Plans for all districts are prepared.

e) National Insurance Scheme is being implemented with additional benefits.

f) Prime Ministers Special Rehabilitatoin package provides for ex-gratia assistance, debt relief to farmers, credit flow, interest waiver, assured irrigation, seed replacement, micro irrigation, extension services and subsidiary income schemes. Status of implementation of the packages are on the website.

But the Petitioner pointed out that in Judgment dated 05.05.2006, Hon’ble Mumbai High Court directed the State to take a decision on whether the compensation fixed at Rs.One lacs should be suitably enhanced to ensure that a more realistic amount is made available to the members of the family of a deceased cultivator. However, the State Govt. till today has not increased the amount but now are stating that it is ex-gratia from Prime Ministers package.The Petitioner also prayed for the directions to the State Government to take a decision enhancing the compensation to be given to the farmers families.

06^th Aug. 2007 - This Hon’ble Court sought more information from the State and expressed that if the farmers are not provided with the necessary assistance when it is needed in that event the purpose for which such packages are evolved is likely to be frustrated. The Principal Secretary (Relief and Rehabilitation) to file his affidavit.

03 Sept. 2007 - In its affidavit dated 03.09.2007, the State Government submitted -

(1) The state package provides for :-

a) Arrangement for fresh crop loan

b) Subsidy on the crop insurance premium

c) Financial assistance to farmers for enhancing production and productivity.

d) Promotion of joint farming in cotton.

e) Encouraging subsidiary occupation like Dairy, Poultry etc.

f) Repayment of amount from Capital Formation Fund

(2) The Prime Ministers package aims at:-

a) Establishing a sustainable and viable farming and livelihood support system through debt relief to farmers.

b) Improved supply of institutional crop credit.

c) Micro irrigation

d) Assured irrigation facilities.

e) Watershed management.

f) Better extension and farming support etc.

(3) The total number of farmers in the six affected districts is 1764438 and cotton growing farmers 1205282.

(4) Cash Credit :- The survey conducted by the month of May, 2006 shows that the demand for loan by the farmers in six districts is nearly Rs.2975/- crores and during last financial year the agricultural credit amounting to Rs.2012 crores is distributed. The need of cotton growing farmers came out to be Rs.1200 crores. During 2007-08 till now Rs.1254 crores loan is distributed to 4.74 lakh farmers. Rs. 396 crores were distributed as refund of 3% of share capital under cotton monopoly scheme in the year 2006-07. In 2005-06 Rs.880 crores were distributed as annual credit which was increased Rs.2012 crores in the year 2006-07.

In this regard the Petitioner pointed out that affidavit shows that the outstanding amount of Rs.1407 crores overdue loan as on 30.06.06 was rescheduled. The interest waiver of Rs.825 crores has been given from P.M. package and of Rs.239.12 crores from the State package. This amount is much more than mentioned before the Hon’ble Division Bench at Bombay and reflected in judgment dated 05.05.2006. The state has to explain that how the amount is increased and whether the borrower/farmer is enquired as to whether the amount is outstanding against him.The State shall also have to explain that what was the mechanism for cross checking the amount demanded by the banks ?

(5) Procedure of repayment of Loan:-

a) The outstanding amount of Rs.1407 crores was overdue on 30^th June, 2006 and was rescheduled.

b) Interest waiver of Rs.825 crores was given.

In this regard the Petitioner pointed out that affidavit shows that the Cash Credit Facility provided to the farmers in 6 districts of Vidarbha is substantially reduced during the year 2007-08. As against the demand of Rs. 3,186 Crores, only Rs. 1,254 Crores were distributed to the farmers. It is required that, all the farmers has to be provided with need based cash credit facilities, to in order to avoid the farmers being trapped in the net of private moneylenders and exploiters. The affidavit of Govt. shows that, there is considerable reduction in the cash credit outlay being made available for the year 2007-08. The concrete steps are required to be taken to increase the cash credit outlay atleast to Rs. 3000 Crores, so that maximum farmers to get advantage of cash credit facilities from the banks. As the outstanding amount overdues till continues, State to take further steps to reschedule the outstanding amount overdue for a further period of atleast 3 years, as the farmers needs such support at this stage.

The affidavit of the Government says that One year moratorium is given for the repayment of loan amount but for the loan disbursed during 2006-07 borrowers were to repay the loan before 31.03.2008. In this regard Petitioner pointed out that the state has to make a positive statement that the period of moratorium and interest rate is incompliance with the policy and guidelines of Reserve Bank of India and the NABARD and also to take further steps to provide extra moratorium period in view of the extreme crisis faced by the farmers in 6 suicides prone districts of Vidarbha.

(6) On the issues of Kisan Credit Cards Government claimed that it has 6.59 laks KCC distributed.in the year 2005-06 and 3.80 laks KCC in the year 2006-07 distributed. The Government also claimed that all eligible borrowers can avail the facility of KCC as and when they approach banks for the fresh loans.

On this issues petitioner submitted that the State govt. should arrange to provide Kisan Credit Cards to all farmers along with substantial Cash Credit as per the need by increasing the cash credit outlay, which is required at present Rs. 3000 Crores instead of current years cash credit outlay which was only Rs. 1450 Crores. Hence, there is need of substantial increase in the cash credit outlay, so that the Kisan Credit Cards will be of any use to the farmers.

On the issues of Crop Insurance the State Government claimed that in the year 2006-07 nearly 3.15 lakh farmers were included in the Crop Insurance Scheme, mostly of them are cotton growers but PIL Petitioner pointed out that The crop insurance benefit is available only to the 32% farmers. The State should take necessary steps to include all farmers in the crop insurance scheme and arrange to extend the benefits thereof.

On the issues of Direct Assistance to farmers, the Government claimed that

60,000 beneficiaries are selected for Rs.25000 assistance and the assistance of Rs.66 crores is given to 57,000 beneficiaries which includes distribution of bullock pairs, electric/petro kerosene pumps etc.

However, PIL Petitioner pointed out that There are serious complaints of malpratices and irregularities in the selection of beneficiaries and also in the quality of items provided in this scheme of direct assistance to the farmers. All the complaints to be investigated through CID or special branch of police and guilty officials must be prosecuted and punished. In view of such complaints, State to review the scheme and to provide direct cash benefit to the farmers instead of the items being provided by the Agriculture Deptt. under the scheme. The scheme of incentives needs to be reviewed as there are large scale of complaints in the seed replacement and cropping intensity. There are complaints that, the beneficiaries selected under the Well Digging Programme are selected by political interference. Hence, the scheme be reviewed suitably.

At the time of earlier hearing on 04^th Oct. 2007 the Hon’ble High Court while examining the above affidavit of the Government categorically observed “……………… Waiver of loan and evolving of methodology and schemes by itself, in our view, would not provide long lasting solution or eradicate the serious issue of commission of suicides by farmers. So a detailed affidavit to be filed again by the State Government stating the steps to be taken in light of suggestions made by the Petitioner”.

Accordingly State Government again filed affidavit on 30^th November, 2007 submitting before the Court that (1) Since 01.07.2006 total investment envisaged in the package is Rs.3750 crores. Of this, waiver of interest and other services are less than 20% of the total package. Investment proposed for assured irrigation – 2177 crores to create an irrigation potential of 1.59 lakh hectare. Allocation till today Rs.1866 crores, Rs.810 crores spent creating irrigation potential of 45860 hectare. 15 major and medium projects, 557 minor projects will be completed. For sprinkler irrigation programme target of Rs.78 crores fixed. Under National Horticulture Mission Rs.225 crores are to be spent. 4126 farm families have been assisted with 2 milch animals and 6891 farm families under the calf breading programme, under state package 5438 beneficiaries are assisted with milch animals. 4305 groups have been assisted with sheep and goats. The dairy programme is planned. In response to the above affidavits of the Government the Petitioner categorically pointed out that The State must provide details of its claim regarding creation of the irrigation potential. It must make a statement that the amount received from the Central Government was spent on new projects and not in the payment of the outstanding of the contractors pertaining to the earlier bills of those contractors for the period earlier to the declaration of package. The State should submit the detailed scheme / GR pertaining to the Sprinkler Irrigation Programme and should submit the information as to how much amount out of Rs. 78 Crores is targeted to be spent for the 6 suicide prone districts of Vidarbha. The State should submit the detailed scheme / GR pertaining to the National Horticulture Mission and should submit the information as to how much amount out of Rs. 225 Crores is targeted to be spent for the 6 suicide prone districts of Vidarbha. There is no mention about this.Govt. to review the success of the scheme of providing milk animals so far provided to the farm families or the groups. There are large complaints about the price / cost of the animals purchased, which is found to be doubled than the subsidy elements. Hence, it is need of hour to review the scheme. It is suggested to give cash benefit to the distress farmers so that they can buy the milk animals of their choice as suitable to the climatic conditions prevailing in the villages.

On the occasion of last hearing on 07^th December, 2007, in which the Advocate General Adv. Sh. Ravi Kadam, appealed before the Hon’ble Court and pleaded to dismiss and dispose off the present PIL but Hon’ble Court refused and declined to accept the plea made by the Adv. General and was pleased to direct the petitioner to submit the chart / statement in details showing the issues which are required to be dealt with by the respondents having regard to the statements made by the respondents in several affidavits filed from time to time, so far in matter of this grave importance as it is pertaining to the life & liberty of the poor farmers who all are constraints to commit unfortunate suicides which are continued since last couple of year in Vidarbha inspite of tall claim made by the Government. Accordingly, the PIL Petitioner filed the detailed statement / chart as above. The Petitioners counsel Adv. Firdos Mirza and Adv. Vinod Tiwari also submitted that the Govt. Resolution dated 16.12.05 (pg.156) is issued for establishment of the Vasantrao Naik Sheti Swawalamban Mission but only two posts are created i.e. the Director General and his Driver no other staff is given. May be this is the reason why no officer is ready to work in this post and the implementation of the package is adversely affected. Hence the State may kindly be directed to take steps for making the provision of additional staff as required in addition to appointment of permanent Director General. In regard to food security the State should include the farmers in distress in the scheme of “Antyodaya” under Public Distribution System or any other similar food security scheme.

c) The State Govt. before the Hon’ble Division Bench at Bombay has agreed to broaden the original criterion and to reconsider all the cases of suicide which has occurred after 1^st Jan 2001 on the part of the agriculturist and including the cases which were initially found ineligible. But the material on website uptill 15^th Nov 07 shows that total number of suicides reported till that date are 3679 and out of them only 1487 were found eligible and 2064 were rejected. In the year 2007, total number of suicides reported are 1062 but only 196 were found eligible by the government i.e. around 15% only. This shows that the Govt. is deliberately omitting the families of the farmers committed suicides because of the apathy of the government and is violating the undertaking given by it before the Hon’ble Division Bench at Bombay. The State must make it clear as to what were the reasons for discarding cases of 2064 families. Based on the farmers family survey report dated 15.06.2006 the Govt. website demonstrates that 92,456 farmers families are facing serious ailments/illness, it is the need of hour to support these families by issuing Health Cards so that they can approach all the Government hospitals without any fear of not having money. The Survey report dated 15.06.2006 further indicated that out of 17,64,438 farmers families surveyed in 6 suicide prone district of Vidarbha there are 4,34,291 families which are in extreme distress category. These distress families needs support of food security and therefore, Govt. must come with the scheme of supply of food security at par with the Antodaya Scheme of Supply of Food grains under PDS or any other suitable scheme for the welfare of these 4,34,291 families in extreme distress categories in which the unfortunate incidence of suicides are occurring. The Petitioner has submitted detailed Memorandum to Hon’ble Chief Minister of Maharashtra and also to the Respondents, in respect of the problem of the farmers in distress. The Govt. is yet to initiate concrete steps to help the farmers families in distress category. The Petitioner also crave leaved of this Hon’ble Court to refer to and / or submit the said Memorandum submitted to the Govt. / Respondents from time to time in the subject matter of the unfortunate incidence of Farmers’ suicides and the crisis being faced by the Cotton Cultivating Farmers of the Vidarbha.

As per the High Court Order, the State Government is required to its affidavit in reply to the today detailed chart/ statement submitted by the PIL Petitioner in the High Court today.

The matter will be listed for further hearing on 1^st February, 2008 before the Division Bench of High Court at Nagpur.

Kindly arrange to release this important news in your esteemed daily.

Thanking you,

Yours faithfully,

Santosh Netam,

Media Incharge, Vidarbha Jan Andolan Samiti, Nagpur.

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT BOMBAY

BENCH AT NAGPUR

Criminal Writ Petition (PIL) No.57/2006

PETITIONERS : Kishor Tiwari and 1 another

/VERSUS/

RESPONDENTS : The State of Maharashtra and

9 others.

STATEMENT / CHART SUBMITTED BY THE PETITIONER IN COMPLIANCE

WITH THE ORDER DATED 07.12.07 PASSED BY THIS HON’BLE COURT

Dates	Chronological Events	Petitioners submission w.r.t. Issues required to be dealt with by the respondents
Feb.06	The instant petition highlighting issue of unfortunate incidence of farmers suicides and inaction of the state machinery was filed.
24.02.06	This Hon’ble Court issued notices
05.06.06	The respondents were granted last chance to file reply.
14.06.06	Because of the failure of respondents to file reply, the Hon’ble Court imposed cost of Rs.1000/- each against the respondents.
11.07.06	The respondents tendered apology, hence the order of cost was recalled. The government was directed to display the information regarding all steps taken by the government to avoid farmers suicide. It was directed that the information on the web site should include not only the steps taken but the information regarding the effect of such steps taken, the benefits and the beneficiaries of such steps and all the relevant information.
Affidavit dt. 26.06.06	The State filed affidavit in reply dated 26.06.06 having following statements:-
	a) The state government is also implementing the directions and suggestions given by the Hon’ble High Court by its judgment dated 5th May, 2006 in addition to implementation of the package announced for the farmers in Vidarbha. (para 8) b) the government is promoting Soyabean and other horticulture crops as alternate to cotton crop. (para.9b) c) The State Agriculture Universities have not recommended cultivation of Bt. Cotton and the agriculture department is also not recommending yet. (para 9c) d) There are 63 full time and 885 part time Inspectors are appointed in the state of Maharashtra for quality control to control 252 state level licenses 33,243 District level licenses of the seeds dealers. (para 9d). e) The rate of Bt. Cotton seeds was reduced (para 9h) f) Rs.2.31 crore is to be spent on training and demonstration to be given to the farmers for improving productivity of cotton crop and for reducing the cost of cultivation. This training is in respect of varieties of cotton approved by the agriculture universities of the state, which does not include Bt. Cotton (para 9j). g) Rs.240 crores have been disbursed to the farmers under the scheme of rescheduling of loans and waiver of interest. (para 9k) h) Subsidy of Rs.1000/- per hector subject to a maximum of 2 hectors is extended. The scheme of community marriage is floated. The secondary occupation through animal husbandry, water conservation and integrated agricultural development is being promoted (para 9m). g) The government has decided to make a village wise survey to identify all the families which are in a situation of acute distress. (para 9n) h) One of the serious complaints relate to the provision of assessment to the suicide affected family. It is true that due to procedural issues many families did not get such assistance. The government has undertaken review of the suicide cases where the assistance has not been made available by constituting district level committees. In the review process almost 1000 families were given assistance of Rs.1,00,000/- each. (para 9o) i) To provide crop loans at the rate of 6% interest. (para 9p). j) The government has taken a decision that the farmers who have taken loan from unlicensed money lenders should not be under any obligation to repay these loans. (para 9q) k) The state government has established Vasantrao Naik Sheti Swavalamban Mission for effective implementation of the entire package to address effectively the issue of farmer’s suicide. A senior government officer has been posted as the Director General of the aforesaid mission. (para 9r)	Petitioner would like to refer to the Judgment dated 05.05.2006 delivered by Hon’ble Division Bench at Bombay Para 21.1(pg.25) measures to alleviate indebtedness. Interest on outstanding loans to be written off Rs.61 crores. The principal amount to be rescheduled over a period of next 5 years Rs.203 crores. To ensure implementation of the package in letter and sprit, the government will nominate an IAS Officer in the suppertime scale and designate him as Director General of the scheme. The Hon’ble Court expected that the scheme should not remain an ornate, impressive on paper but deficient in implementation. Petitioner’s humble submissions that :- The State since last 2 ½ years has failed to provide a full time Director General for implementation of the package. As on today also Commissioner Amravati is holding additional charge. Till today about six officers are changed though section 3 of the Maharashtra Govt. Servants Regulation of transfers … Act 2005 prescribes for normal tenure of the officer 3 years. The State has to immediately make arrangement for appointment of full time Director General for full tenure in compliance with the above judgment. According to affidavit dated 03.09.2007 the State has paid Rs.825 crores from P.M. package and Rs.240 crores from State package towards interest waiver. The total overdue as on 30.6.06 was Rs.1407 crores. The State has to make it clear how the amount as reflected in the judgment dated 05.05.2006 has increased in multi folds ? The State must place on record the results of village wise survey made by it to identify all the families which are in a situation of acute distress, along with the action taken report regarding the causes came on record for the distress.
04.08.06	The petitioner made various suggestions long term and short term for betterment of the farmers. Immediate reliefs / steps required. i) Establishment of the Nodal office at Yavatmal. ii) Provision for credit facilities. iii) Food security iv) To create atmosphere of faith about government scheme in the farmers. Long Term measures. i) Reasonable support price to the farm products. ii) Crop insurance scheme. iii) Periodical review of the implementation iv) Educating the farmers in respect of changing weather, changing crop system. v) Quarterly audit of the funds disbursed.
07.08.06	A) The government has made web site operational bearing information about the rehabilitation steps taken by the state. The contents of the web site are i) causes of farmers suicides – reports of TISS, Mumbai, IGIDR, Mumbai, Yashada, Pune. ii) Overview of special package. iii) Government resolutions about implementation of package. iv) Status of implementation of various measures in relation to relief and rehabilitation. v) Link of web sites of six Collectorates under the special package. vi) Links of web sites of concerning departments. b) The Collectors of district under package or directed to upload taluka wise information regarding the implementation of various measures under the special package. The collectors are also instructed to make available village wise list of beneficiaries at the Tahsil and Block offices for public inspection and also publicize this through their respective web sites which would be available as link sites.	The State has to make a statement that the details about the beneficiaries along with their names is uploaded to the website as till today the petitioner could not found it on the website. It has to also make a statement that the website is updated.
Order dt. 07.08.06	After considering the affidavit dated 07.08.2006, the Hon’ble Court recorded undertaking of the state regarding updating the website and ensuring inclusion of proposed measures to be undertaken to avoid farmers suicide. The respondents were directed to respond on the suggestions given by the petitioners.
13.07.07	The learned APP was directed to prepare synopsis giving chronology of steps taken by the concerned authorities on the basis of suggestions/scheme evolved by the mission or any of the competent authority in this regard including updating website.
Affidavit dt 02.08.07	In its affidavit dated 02.08.2007, State submitted before the Hon’ble Court that – a) The web site is being updated from time to time. It updated upto 30th June, 2007. b) The suggestions given by petitioners have been replied, giving details of steps taken by government. c) The state government is not giving compensation but providing ex-gratia assistance of one lakh to the family of the farmers who committed suicide. d) State government is preparing detailed guidelines in view of National Agriculture Policy. District Level Agriculture Management Training Agency has been established. d) Strategy Research and Extension Plans for all districts are prepared. e) National Insurance Scheme is being implemented with additional benefits. f) Prime Ministers Special Rehabilitatoin package provides for ex-gratia assistance, debt relief to farmers, credit flow, interest waiver, assured irrigation, seed replacement, micro irrigation, extension services and subsidiary income schemes. Status of implementation of the packages are on the website.	Judgment dated 05.05.2006 directed the State to take a decision on whether the compensation fixed at Rs.One lacs should be suitably enhanced to ensure that a more realistic amount is made available to the members of the family of a deceased cultivator. The State Govt. till today has not increased the amount but now are stating that it is ex-gratia from Prime Ministers package. The State has to take a decision in favour of the farmers.
06.08.07	This Hon’ble Court sought more information from the State and expressed that if the farmers are not provided with the necessary assistance when it is needed in that event the purpose for which such packages are evolved is likely to be frustrated. The Principal Secretary (Relief and Rehabilitation) to file his affidavit.
Affidavit dt. 03.09.07	In its affidavit dated 03.09.2007, the State submitted that - (1) The state package provides for :- a) Arrangement for fresh crop loan b) Subsidy on the crop insurance premium c) Financial assistance to farmers for enhancing production and productivity. d) Promotion of joint farming in cotton. e) Encouraging subsidiary occupation like Dairy, Poultry etc. f) Repayment of amount from Capital Formation Fund (2) The Prime Ministers package aims at:- a) Establishing a sustainable and viable farming and livelihood support system through debt relief to farmers. b) Improved supply of institutional crop credit. c) Micro irrigation d) Assured irrigation facilities. e) Watershed management. f) Better extension and farming support etc. (3) The total number of farmers in the six affected districts is 1764438 and cotton growing farmers 1205282. (4) Cash Credit :- The survey conducted by the month of May, 2006 shows that the demand for loan by the farmers in six districts is nearly Rs.2975/- crores and during last financial year the agricultural credit amounting to Rs.2012 crores is distributed. The need of cotton growing farmers came out to be Rs.1200 crores. During 2007-08 till now Rs.1254 crores loan is distributed to 4.74 lakh farmers. Rs. 396 crores were distributed as refund of 3% of share capital under cotton monopoly scheme in the year 2006-07. In 2005-06 Rs.880 crores were distributed as annual credit which was increased Rs.2012 crores in the year 2006-07. (5) Procedure of repayment of Loan:- a) The outstanding amount of Rs.1407 crores was overdue on 30th June, 2006 and was rescheduled. b) Interest waiver of Rs.825 crores was given. c) One year moratorium is given for the repayment of loan amount but for the loan disbursed during 2006-07 borrowers were to repay the loan before 31.3.07. (6) Kisan Credit Card:- a) 2005-06 6.59 laks KCC distributed. b) 2006-07 3.80 laks KCC distributed. c) All eligible borrowers can avail the facility of KCC as and when they approach banks for the fresh loans. (7) Crop Insurance:- In the year 2006-07 nearly 3.15 lakh farmers were included in the Crop Insurance Scheme, mostly of them are cotton growers. (8) Direct Assistance to farmers: 60,000 beneficiaries are selected for Rs.25000 assistance and the assistance of Rs.66 crores is given to 57,000 beneficiaries which includes distribution of bullock pairs, electric/petro kerosene pumps etc. (9) Other incentives:- a) Promotion of Organic Agriculture – Rs.9.59 crores spent and further provision of Rs.7.95 crores is made b) Joint farming c) Seed replacement and cropping intensity. d) digging of 64 thousand wells and farm ponds is planned.	The affidavit shows that the outstanding amount of Rs.1407 crores overdue loan as on 30.06.06 was rescheduled. The interest waiver of Rs.825 crores has been given from P.M. package and of Rs.239.12 crores from the State package. This amount is much more than mentioned before the Hon’ble Division Bench at Bombay and reflected in judgment dated 05.05.2006. The state has to explain that how the amount is increased and whether the borrower/farmer is enquired as to whether the amount is outstanding against him. The State shall also have to explain that what was the mechanism for cross checking the amount demanded by the banks ? The Cash Credit Facility provided to the farmers in 6 districts of Vidarbha is substantially reduced during the year 2007-08. As against the demand of Rs. 3,186 Crores, only Rs. 1,254 Crores were distributed to the farmers. It is required that, all the farmers has to be provided with need based cash credit facilities, to in order to avoid the farmers being trapped in the net of private moneylenders and exploiters. The affidavit of Govt. shows that, there is considerable reduction in the cash credit outlay being made available for the year 2007-08. The concrete steps are required to be taken to increase the cash credit outlay atleast to Rs. 3000 Crores, so that maximum farmers to get advantage of cash credit facilities from the banks. As the outstanding amount overdues till continues, State to take further steps to reschedule the outstanding amount overdue for a further period of atleast 3 years, as the farmers needs such support at this stage. The state has to make a positive statement that the period of moratorium and interest rate is incompliance with the policy and guidelines of Reserve Bank of India and the NABARD and also to take further steps to provide extra moratorium period in view of the extreme crisis faced by the farmers in 6 suicides prone districts of Vidarbha. The State govt. should arranged to provide Kisan Credit Cards to all farmers along with substantial Cash Credit as per the need by increasing the cash credit outlay, which is required at present Rs. 3000 Crores instead of current years cash credit outlay which was only Rs. 1450 Crores. Hence, there is need of substantial increase in the cash credit outlay, so that the Kisan Credit Cards will be of any use to the farmers. The crop insurance benefit is available only to the 32% farmers. The State should take necessary steps to include all farmers in the crop insurance scheme and arrange to extend the benefits thereof. There are serious complaints of malpratices and irregularities in the selection of beneficiaries and also in the quality of items provided in this scheme of direct assistance to the farmers. All the complaints to be investigated through CID or special branch of police and guilty officials must be prosecuted and punished. In view of such complaints, State to review the scheme and to provide direct cash benefit to the farmers instead of the items being provided by the Agriculture Deptt. under the scheme. The scheme of incentives needs to be reviewed as there are large scale of complaints in the seed replacement and cropping intensity. There are complaints that, the beneficiaries selected under the Well Digging Programme are selected by political interference. Hence, the scheme be reviewed suitably.
04.10.07	The Hon’ble Court observed “it is no doubt true that efforts are being made by the State Government to tackle the issue of commission of suicides by the cotton growing farmers in the 6 districts of Vidarbha region. However, waiver of loan and evolving of methodology and schemes by itself, in our view, would not provide long lasting solution or eradicate the serious issue of commission of suicides by farmers”
Affidavit dt. 30.11.07	In its affidavit dated 30.11.07, the State submitted that :- (1) Since 01.07.2006 total investment envisaged in the package is Rs.3750 crores. Of this, waiver of interest and other services are less than 20% of the total package. (2) Investment proposed for assured irrigation – 2177 crores to create an irrigation potential of 1.59 lakh hectare. Allocation till today Rs.1866 crores, Rs.810 crores spent creating irrigation potential of 45860 hectare. 15 major and medium projects, 557 minor projects will be completed. (3) For sprinkler irrigation programme target of Rs.78 crores fixed. (4) Under National Horticulture Mission Rs.225 crores are to be spent. (5) 4126 farm families have been assisted with 2 milch animals and 6891 farm families under the calf breading programme, under state package 5438 beneficiaries are assisted with milch animals. 4305 groups have been assisted with sheep and goats. The dairy programme is planned.	The State must provide details of its claim regarding creation of the irrigation potential. It must make a statement that the amount received from the Central Government was spent on new projects and not in the payment of the outstanding of the contractors pertaining to the earlier bills of those contractors for the period earlier to the declaration of package. The State should submit the detailed scheme / GR pertaining to the Sprinkler Irrigation Programme and should submit the information as to how much amount out of Rs. 78 Crores is targeted to be spent for the 6 suicide prone districts of Vidarbha. The State should submit the detailed scheme / GR pertaining to the National Horticulture Mission and should submit the information as to how much amount out of Rs. 225 Crores is targeted to be spent for the 6 suicide prone districts of Vidarbha. There is no mention about this. Govt. to review the success of the scheme of providing milk animals so far provided to the farm families or the groups. There are large complaints about the price / cost of the animals purchased, which is found to be doubled than the subsidy elements. Hence, it is need of hour to review the scheme. It is suggested to give cash benefit to the distress farmers so that they can buy the milk animals of their choice as suitable to the climatic conditions prevailing in the villages.
07.12.07	The Hon’ble Court directed the petitioner to submit the chart showing the issues which are required to be dealt with by the respondents having regard to the statements made by the respondents in several affidavits filed from time to time.	As submitted above.
		In addition to above, the Petitioner humbly point out and submit that :- a) The Govt. Resolution dated 16.12.05 (pg.156) is issued for establishment of the Vasantrao Naik Sheti Swawalamban Mission but only two posts are created i.e. the Director General and his Driver no other staff is given. May be this is the reason why no officer is ready to work in this post and the implementation of the package is adversely affected. Hence the State may kindly be directed to take steps for making the provision of additional staff as required in addition to appointment of permanent Director General. b) In regard to food security the State should include the farmers in distress in the scheme of “Antyodaya” under Public Distribution System or any other similar food security scheme. c) The State Govt. before the Hon’ble Division Bench at Bombay has agreed to broaden the original criterion and to reconsider all the cases of suicide which has occurred after 1st Jan 2001 on the part of the agriculturist and including the cases which were initially found ineligible. But the material on website uptill 15th Nov 07 shows that total number of suicides reported till that date are 3679 and out of them only 1487 were found eligible and 2064 were rejected. In the year 2007, total number of suicides reported are 1062 but only 196 were found eligible by the government i.e. around 15% only. This shows that the Govt. is deliberately omitting the families of the farmers committed suicides because of the apathy of the government and is violating the undertaking given by it before the Hon’ble Division Bench at Bombay. The State must make it clear as to what were the reasons for discarding cases of 2064 families.
		Based on the farmers family survey report dated 15.06.2006 the Govt. website demonstrates that 92,456 farmers families are facing serious ailments/illness, it is the need of hour to support these families by issuing Health Cards so that they can approach all the Government hospitals without any fear of not having money. The Survey report dated 15.06.2006 further indicated that out of 17,64,438 farmers families surveyed in 6 suicide prone district of Vidarbha there are 4,34,291 families which are in extreme distress category. These distress families needs support of food security and therefore, Govt. must come with the scheme of supply of food security at par with the Antodaya Scheme of Supply of Food grains under PDS or any other suitable scheme for the welfare of these 4,34,291 families in extreme distress categories in which the unfortunate incidence of suicides are occurring. The Petitioner has submitted detailed Memorandum to Hon’ble Chief Minister of Maharashtra and also to the Respondents, in respect of the problem of the farmers in distress. The Govt. is yet to initiate concrete steps to help the farmers families in distress category. The Petitioner crave leaves of this Hon’ble Court to refer to and / or submit the said Memorandum submitted to the Govt. / Respondents from time to time in the subject matter of the unfortunate incidence of Farmers’ suicides and the crisis being faced by the Cotton Cultivating Farmers of the Vidarbha.

NAGPUR

ADV. FIRDOS MIRZA – ADV. VINOD TIWARI

Dt. 20/12/07 COUNSEL FOR THE PETITIONERS.